immediations
Immediations: The Humanitarian Impulse in Documentary (Duke UP, 2017)
Endangered life is often used to justify humanitarian media intervention, but what if suffering humanity is both the fuel and outcome of such media representations? Pooja Rangan argues that this vicious circle is the result of immediation, a prevailing documentary ethos that seeks to render human suffering urgent and immediate at all costs. Rangan interrogates this ethos in films seeking to “give a voice to the voiceless,” an established method of validating the humanity of marginalized subjects, including children, refugees, autistics, and animals. She focuses on multiple examples of documentary subjects being invited to demonstrate their humanity: photography workshops for the children of sex workers in Calcutta; live eyewitness reporting by Hurricane Katrina survivors; attempts to facilitate speech in nonverbal autistics; and painting lessons for elephants. These subjects are obliged to represent themselves using immediations—tropes that reinforce their status as the “other” and reproduce definitions of the human that exclude non-normative modes of thinking, being, and doing. To counter these effects, Rangan calls for an approach to media that aims not to humanize but to realize the full, radical potential of giving the camera to the other.
AWARDS
2019 Harry Levin Prize for an outstanding first book (American Comparative Literature Association; click here for citation)
Finalist, 2018 ASAP Book Prize (Association for the Study of the Arts of the Present)
ENDORSEMENTS
“Documentary’s apparent generosity toward its most hapless subjects is an ambivalent gift. With elegance and precision, Pooja Rangan demonstrates that participatory documentary more often than not obliterates the others it means to help by forcing them into humanist molds of selfhood. Instead, she asks, what if documentary were to yield to the beings of the world in their unassimilable singularity? The answers she finds will stimulate both documentary makers and scholars.” — Laura U. Marks, author of, Hanan al-Cinema: Affections for the Moving Image
“Pooja Rangan’s incisive voice brings tremendous critical acumen and clarity to the interpretation of the humanitarian documentary impulse in global media now. A powerful and timely work, Immediations will undoubtedly exert a strong influence on film and media studies and will be widely read by those who care about the sentiment of benevolence and its mediated impacts for a long time to come.” — Lisa Cartwright, author of, Moral Spectatorship: Technologies of Voice and Affect in Postwar Representations of the Child
REVIEWS OF IMMEDIATIONS
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Afterimage (September 2017, Reviewed by Joel Neville Anderson, University of Rochester)
The Amherst Student (December 2018, Reviewed by Jacob Pagano, Amherst College ’18)
Cinema Journal (Summer 2018, Reviewed by Ryan Watson, Misericordia University)
Film Criticism (March 2019, Reviewed by Kevin Wynter)
Film Quarterly (March 2018, Reviewed by Almudena Escobar Lopez, University of Rochester)
Visual Studies (September 2019, Reviewed by Gianpaolo Bucci)
Zeitschrift für Medienwissenschaft (2019, Reviewed by Sven Seibel)
American Quarterly (December 2020, Reviewed by Sasha Crawford-Holland)
FORUM ON IMMEDIATIONS